Essay on war on drugs - 1562 Words

The war on drugs is not a war that can be fought on the beaches of Normandy or in the jungles of Vietnam. It is a war fought in the backyards of all Americans, every day. This is a war that cannot be won with the aid of nuclear weapons or the help of any other forms of artillery. The number of casualties, however, will be determined by whether or not the legalization of drugs occurs. Many will suffer the same outcome as a soldier killed in battle if drugs become legal. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;If marijuana and other drugs are legalized, obtaining drugs will be easier for people of all ages. With the increased use of drugs, there are bound to be more traffic accidents resulting from those who are under the influence of drugs. Also, if†¦show more content†¦The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse was able to explain in simple English why drugs are illegal in America: quot;Drugs are not a threat to American society because they are legal; they are illegal because they are a threat to American societyquot; (Marbry par. 16). Drugs corrupt the minds of even the most honest American citizens. Making drugs legal could put the life of any American at risk. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Some drugs that are in the process of possibly being legalized for medicinal use are also a threat to American life. Marijuana is the most popular of drugs that can be used for medicinal purposes. Though the dosage prescribed would not be permanently harmful to the patient, it would be very easy for him to become dependent on the drug. Marijuana is known as a gateway drug, meaning that its effects are relatively mild. After a long period of usage, its effects decrease leaving the user in want of a bigger high. This craving leads drug users to heavier drugs such as heroin, cocaine, or LCD. (Schwebel 87). After awhile, even the heavy drugs begin to lose their potency. To deal with the deprivation of bigger highs, users usually begin taking larger dosages, which may lead to an overdose and death. The legalization of even medicinal drugs could easily lead to more deaths from drug related illnesses or overdose. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;A major cause for concern in the United States is the number of lives taken by drunk drivers.Show MoreRelatedThe War On Drugs And Drugs Essay972 Words   |  4 PagesThe war on drugs have been a critical issue that has repeatedly held a great debate topic. It was in the 1906 when the first act against drug was put into effect with the Pure Food and Drug Act which required all over-the-counter medication to have label of its ingredients. Under President Nixon the first executive branch office to coordinate drug policy was formed and the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act was put into place. Two years following that the Drug Enforcement AgencyRead MoreThe American War On Drugs1598 Words   |  7 Pages The American â€Å"War on Drugs† war created to keep an exorbitant amount of people behind bars, and in a subservient status. First, America has a storied history when it comes to marijuana use. However, within the last 50 years le gislation pertaining to drug use and punishment has increased significantly. In the modern era, especially hard times have hit minority communities thanks to these drug laws. While being unfairly targeted by drug laws and law enforcement, minorities in America are havingRead More War on Drugs is War on Democracy Essay1286 Words   |  6 Pagestreating marijuana offenders worse than violent criminals. I doubt, however, that many Americans are truly conscious of how some peoples lives have been shattered because of current practices in the so-called drug war. Now, about 15 years since its beginning, the war on drugs has become a war on personal freedom and toes the line of authoritarianism. On the brink of the 21st century, this is not a good sign for preserving our future, nor that of democracy. In 1989, a small business owner andRead MoreThe War On Drug War2268 Words   |  10 Pagespresident nixon, Declared Drug abuse public enemy number one, starting an unprecedented global Campaign, the war on drug. Today the number are in the war on drug is a huge failure with devastated unintended consequences, it lead to mass incarceration in the us, to corruption, to political destabilization, and violence in latin america, asia, and africa. To systemic human right abuse across the world.†-Kurzgesagt – In a Nutshell The drug war is an all out war between drug cartels, and the governmentsRead MoreThe War On Drug War2282 Words   |  10 Pagespresident nixon, Declared Drug abuse public enemy number one, starting an unprecedented global Campaign, the war on drug. Today the number are in the war on drug is a huge failure with devastated unintended consequences, it lead to mass incarceration in the us, to corruption, to political destabilization, and violence in latin america, asia, and africa. To systemic human right abuse across the world.†-Kurzgesagt – In a Nutshell The drug war is an all out war between drug cartels the usa and mexicoRead MoreDrug War2482 Words   |  10 PagesPeriod 8 Drug Policy: A Look at America’s Ineffective Approach to Drugs Introduction In January 2004, senatorial candidate Barack Obama firmly opposed the twenty two-year war on drugs, saying that the United States’ approach in the drug war has been ineffective (Debussman).   Although the term, â€Å"war on drugs,† was originally coined by President Richard Nixon in 1971, it wasn’t until Ronald Reagan announced that â€Å"drugs were menacing society†Read MoreThe War On Drugs And The United States1506 Words   |  7 Pages When, in 1971, Richard Nixon infamously declared a â€Å"war on drugs† it would have been nearly impossible for him to predict the collective sense of disapprobation which would come to accompany the now ubiquitous term. It would have been difficult for him to predict that the drug war would become a hot topic, a highly contentious and polarizing point of debate and, it would have difficult for him to predict that the United States would eventually become the prison capital of the world, incarceratingRead MoreDrugs And Politics : The War On Drugs Essay2157 Words   |  9 PagesDrugs and Politics The war on drugs has been a great tool to keep the force of U.S drug policies’ in Latin America because the prohibition makes the most successful and profitable failure to transnational corporations. Over the course 100 years of repression history of narcotics, it has become apparent that zero tolerance policies have brought nothing than harm to the working class on a Global scale, especially Mexico. The attempt to eradicate trafficking in narcotics in many of the Latin AmericanRead MoreThe War On Drugs And The United States1555 Words   |  7 PagesThe War on Drugs has been an ongoing effect ever since the Civil War introduced the drug morphine to the world. In the years since people have been coming up with drugs more lethal than morphine such as cocaine, methamphetamine, heroin, and so on and so forth. The War on Drugs is dangerous and leads to many deaths throughout the years. America has set up agencies such as the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) and other drug task forc e teams throughout the United States. Even though we may not be ableRead More War on Drugs Essay examples1932 Words   |  8 Pageshorror stories about drugs like crack-cocaine. From them, and probably from no other source, we learn that crack is immediately addictive in every case, we learn that it causes corruption, crazed violence, and almost always leads to death. The government tells us that we are busy fighting a war on drugs and so it gives us various iconic models to despise and detest : we learn to stereotype inner-city minorities as being of drug-infested wastelands and we learn to witchhunt drug users within our own

Celebrity Defendants - Celebrity Criminal Defendants of the Decade

Right After Breakfast The Next Morning By Dr. Davis

Right after breakfast the next morning, Dr. Davis showed up with a bright smile on his face. â€Å"Good morning, John. How are you feeling today?† he greeted cheerfully in an attempt to gauge how his patient’s mood was and how he felt towards therapy. Grimacing, Johnny shrugged, â€Å"Am fine.† Nodding, the doctor set down the few items he had brought for the first session. â€Å"I know that Doctor Early has you on less medicine to help with pain, so you may hurt a bit more right now. The exercises I do with you and ask your family to help you with may cause some pain too,† he warned. â€Å"The pain shouldn’t get to bad, if it does, tell someone. Otherwise, what you do in physical therapy will help with the pain. It will take a bit, but once we get you moving, your body will be happier. Does that make sense?† â€Å"Pain now†¦so, less†¦later?† Johnny asked slowly and carefully, trying to remember what his Uncle Roy had told him about speaking. â€Å"Yes, exactly!† â€Å"And great job kiddo,† Roy grinned at Johnny. â€Å"That is what I meant by speaking all the words in your head. I know it’ll be hard, but like I said, Aunt Jo, me, Chris, Jenny and others will be here for you.† Smiling bashfully with pink running through his cheeks, John turned back to Doctor Davis. Sensing the embarrassment, the physical therapist started his session. â€Å"What I am going to start with is helping you stretch out your muscles,† he explained. â€Å"You should be able to do this on your own after this.† Picking up the uncasted leg, Davis beganShow MoreRelated Mary Chestnuts Civil War Essay2387 Words   |  10 Pagestwelve years old when the entire family moved to Mississippi, where they owned some other plantations. 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Then, to salve her conscience overRead MoreCoaching Salespeople Into Sales Champions110684 Words   |  443 Pagesmeasurable impact on their salespeople’s performance and attitude.’’ Dr. Denis Waitley Best-Selling Author of The Seeds of Greatness and The Psychology of Winning ‘‘There is no other single activity to boost sales that works better than sales coaching and this book is the best ever written on how to do it well.’’ Brian Tracy, Author of Getting Rich Your Own Way ‘‘Flufï ¬â€šess! Rosen continues to give practical, A to Z how-to advice. After you read it, simply do it!’’ Anthony Parinello, Author of SellingRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Wor ds   |  760 Pagesbuild upon this work. An earlier version of the book was published by Wadsworth Publishing Company, Belmont, California USA in 1993 with ISBN number 0-534-17688-7. When Wadsworth decided no longer to print the book, they returned their publishing rights to the original author, Bradley Dowden. The current version has been significantly revised. If you would like to suggest changes to the text, the author would appreciate your writing to him at dowden@csus.edu. iv Praise Comments on the earlierRead MoreBrand Building Blocks96400 Words   |  386 PagesKing Frequent Customers Club), parking (Park-n-Fly Reward) and even cars. The GM MasterCard, launched in 1992, provides customers with a rebate on the purchase of a GM car or truck (excluding Saturn) equal to 5 percent of their credit card purchases. After the first year and a half, GM had sold 140,000 cars and trucks to these buyers and had issued more than 12 million cards. A frequent-buyer program provides direct and tangible reinforcement for loyal behavior. Not only do such programs enhance the

Organ Trafficking A Vital Part Of Our Survival Essay

Carly St. Myers Assistant Professor, E. Scott Denison Design 2110 12 October 2016 Organ Trafficking Throughout much of human history, trade has been a vital part of our survival. Trades take place continuously today; whether they’re in-person with a friend, or across the ocean with a complete stranger. There are many forms of trade, most including the buying and selling of goods and services to benefit us in some way. When we think about trade, body parts aren’t typically the first thing to pop into our heads. It is not in the foreseeable future that Amazon will be adding them to its list of products any time soon, either. It may not be a widely recognized concept, but the practice of illegal organ trade is alive and well in the shadows of the law. Organ trade is when human organs, tissues, bones, or other body parts are transplanted from one person to another. Opposite of legal organ donation, organ trade is when someone involved is receiving monetary payment (UNODC 9). Organs are trafficked in a few different ways. They can be forcibly removed from someone who is dead or alive, taken out during a time of unconsciousness that the victim isn’t aware of, or given by someone who plans to sell them. When the latter is the case, the victim usually gets ripped off by the broker, the person who organizes the trade (ungift.org). No matter the method, the ultimate reason behind organ trafficking always comes back to one thing; someone is in need of a new organ. According to theShow MoreRelatedEssay on HIV/AIDS and Modern Medical Inventions1399 Words   |  6 Pages Even though homosexuality does not have anything with the traditional aspects, it exists in places where few women are present and in situations where authoritative male can have advantage over the other males. Homosexuality is prevailed in many parts of world that may lead to the transmission of HIV/AIDS. Sugar daddies contribute more in the act of spreading HIV. As per a study in British, young girls are the victims who are infected with HIV because of these sugar daddies who date with young girlRead MoreThe War On Human Trafficking2117 Words   |  9 Pages The War on Human Trafficking Leah A. Rampersaud La Guardia Community College Professor Bojana Blagojevic December 3rd ,2014 Introduction: Today in our society human trafficking is a definitely a growing crime that more than often goes unrecognized. Men, women and children are being stolen and traded for sex everyday against their will. Mistakenly people tend to think that human trafficking is a third world issue but it’s not, it’s bigger than that it’s a worldwideRead MoreVoltaire‚Äà ´s Candide1924 Words   |  8 Pagesaspects regarding organ transplants. This Act was last amended in 1989. Since then medical science has developed so big in size and to such an extent that organ transplants today are almost routine operations in many hospitals. 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There are hundreds of thousands of individuals in need of life-saving organ transplants, but the wait list is so long. That is why human organ sales must be legalized worldwide. It will not only increase the amount of organs donated that will escalate the possibility of saving lives, but it will also eliminate the black market or underground economy by having faster transaction because of nearer sources. The shortage of transplant organs is a major problemRead MoreSelling Human Organs10012 Words   |  41 PagesTERM PAPER RESEARCH : Selling Human Organs ARTICLE 1 : Should people be allowed to sell their organs? Currently, exchanging organs for money or other valuable considerations is illegal, but some members of the medical and business communities would like to change that. One of those is the American Medical Associations influential Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs. 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Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin Free Essays

Adolf Hitler, Joseph Stalin was one of the most ruthless and diabolical people in the history of the world. Hitler once said of Stalin, † He is a beast, but he’s a beast on a grand scale who must command our unconditional respect. In his own way, he is a hell of a fellow! † (Stalin Breaker of Nations, p. We will write a custom essay sample on Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin or any similar topic only for you Order Now xvi) What Hitler said of Stalin is only his opinion, and it is not a valid one at that. For you must consider the source, it takes a beast like Adolf Hitler to know a beast and Stalin was a horrible beast. He was also a murderer. Stalin abused his people when he starved them to death, and systematically murdered them. Stalin also abused his country by halting Russia’s progress and economic growth. Stalin was a breaker of nations. Stalin first enter the Russian political system in the early nineteen teens. With the help form Lenin, Stalin proposed an answer to the National Question, which was self determination. Stalin’s ruthlessness is first discovered by Lenin, when Stalin is sent to Georgia to convince the Georgia leader not to practice self determination. When the leader does not agree with what Stalin has to say, Stalin punches the man out and threaten to kill them all. Years after that incident Lenin end up dying and Stalin takes over as the leader of Russia. Because Trotsky was hated by many of the influential political figures in Russia, Stalin becomes the leader of Russia even after Lenin’s dying last wishes. 1929 was the first of many years in which Stalin stunted Russia’s growth. In that year the â€Å"Engineer Trials† were held. During these trials the Russian elite was brought forth by Stalin on the account of treason. Confessions by the elite which consisted of engineers, doctors, lawyers, teachers and clergy were extracted by many means including torture. After these trials were through thousands of the Russian elite were murdered, with their blood on Stalin’s hands. These trails had a horrific effect on the progress of Russia, there was now nobody left to lead Russian into the future, and the few elite’s that still remained in Russia lived in constant fear of their lives. Around 1932, Stalin had put his plan into action that was later called the Terror Famine. In the Terror Famine, Stalin started to order grain requisitions from the lower class in the Ukraine. Stalin used his army to retrieve the grain from the people, following the orders by Stalin, the army takes too much grain and causes a famine among the lower class. Stalin justified the taking of the grain by saying that it was just a way for the state to regulate the price of grain. By doing this Stalin ended up breaking the back of the Georgians and the Ukrainians. Knowingly, Stalin eliminated millions upon millions of Russian, between 30 and 50 million, in his attempt at an absolute totalitarian rule in Russia. By killing so many of the Russian’s who were the ones which the economy was supported on, Stalin has broken the nation of the Ukraine. From around 1936 through 1938 Stalin extracted his Great Terror. The Great Terror consisted of many events including the Purge Trials and the Katyn Massacre. During the purge trials, Stalin once again haltered Russian progress. The Purge Trials eliminated many military officers and engineers. The numbers are not exact, but between 250,000 to 500,000 Russians died because of Stalin’s orders. These trials caused mass paranoia of the elite’s, afraid to make a difference, for if they did then they would ultimately end up dead. Stalin not only haltered the growth of his own country, but he haltered the growth of neighboring counties, on being Poland. In Poland during the Great Terror, Stalin ordered the Katyn Massacre to occur. The top 15,000 officers in the Polish army were rounded up and killed in the forests of Belarus. This was a deep wound, the stunted the Polish progress, since now there were would be no more experienced leaders in Poland’s future, since Stalin killed most of their military elite. Once again Stalin had broken another nation. During all this time, Stalin was also methodically killing off all of his political opponents, or anyone who posed as to be the most remote of a threat to him. Unlike what Hitler thought of Stalin, the opposite is true. Stalin showed mercy to no one, he evil incarnate, killing innocent Russians and severely damaging any possible of future progress for Russia. Stalin had broken the Russian nation. How to cite Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin, Essay examples

Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin Free Essays

Adolf Hitler, Joseph Stalin was one of the most ruthless and diabolical people in the history of the world. Hitler once said of Stalin, † He is a beast, but he’s a beast on a grand scale who must command our unconditional respect. In his own way, he is a hell of a fellow! † (Stalin Breaker of Nations, p. We will write a custom essay sample on Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin or any similar topic only for you Order Now xvi) What Hitler said of Stalin is only his opinion, and it is not a valid one at that. For you must consider the source, it takes a beast like Adolf Hitler to know a beast and Stalin was a horrible beast. He was also a murderer. Stalin abused his people when he starved them to death, and systematically murdered them. Stalin also abused his country by halting Russia’s progress and economic growth. Stalin was a breaker of nations. Stalin first enter the Russian political system in the early nineteen teens. With the help form Lenin, Stalin proposed an answer to the National Question, which was self determination. Stalin’s ruthlessness is first discovered by Lenin, when Stalin is sent to Georgia to convince the Georgia leader not to practice self determination. When the leader does not agree with what Stalin has to say, Stalin punches the man out and threaten to kill them all. Years after that incident Lenin end up dying and Stalin takes over as the leader of Russia. Because Trotsky was hated by many of the influential political figures in Russia, Stalin becomes the leader of Russia even after Lenin’s dying last wishes. 1929 was the first of many years in which Stalin stunted Russia’s growth. In that year the â€Å"Engineer Trials† were held. During these trials the Russian elite was brought forth by Stalin on the account of treason. Confessions by the elite which consisted of engineers, doctors, lawyers, teachers and clergy were extracted by many means including torture. After these trials were through thousands of the Russian elite were murdered, with their blood on Stalin’s hands. These trails had a horrific effect on the progress of Russia, there was now nobody left to lead Russian into the future, and the few elite’s that still remained in Russia lived in constant fear of their lives. Around 1932, Stalin had put his plan into action that was later called the Terror Famine. In the Terror Famine, Stalin started to order grain requisitions from the lower class in the Ukraine. Stalin used his army to retrieve the grain from the people, following the orders by Stalin, the army takes too much grain and causes a famine among the lower class. Stalin justified the taking of the grain by saying that it was just a way for the state to regulate the price of grain. By doing this Stalin ended up breaking the back of the Georgians and the Ukrainians. Knowingly, Stalin eliminated millions upon millions of Russian, between 30 and 50 million, in his attempt at an absolute totalitarian rule in Russia. By killing so many of the Russian’s who were the ones which the economy was supported on, Stalin has broken the nation of the Ukraine. From around 1936 through 1938 Stalin extracted his Great Terror. The Great Terror consisted of many events including the Purge Trials and the Katyn Massacre. During the purge trials, Stalin once again haltered Russian progress. The Purge Trials eliminated many military officers and engineers. The numbers are not exact, but between 250,000 to 500,000 Russians died because of Stalin’s orders. These trials caused mass paranoia of the elite’s, afraid to make a difference, for if they did then they would ultimately end up dead. Stalin not only haltered the growth of his own country, but he haltered the growth of neighboring counties, on being Poland. In Poland during the Great Terror, Stalin ordered the Katyn Massacre to occur. The top 15,000 officers in the Polish army were rounded up and killed in the forests of Belarus. This was a deep wound, the stunted the Polish progress, since now there were would be no more experienced leaders in Poland’s future, since Stalin killed most of their military elite. Once again Stalin had broken another nation. During all this time, Stalin was also methodically killing off all of his political opponents, or anyone who posed as to be the most remote of a threat to him. Unlike what Hitler thought of Stalin, the opposite is true. Stalin showed mercy to no one, he evil incarnate, killing innocent Russians and severely damaging any possible of future progress for Russia. Stalin had broken the Russian nation. How to cite Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin, Essay examples

Metabical and TOMS case study free essay sample

Question 1 – How should Printup think about the segmentation of potential Metabical consumers? Who is the optimal target consumer? They should target women less than 65 especially (exhibit 2). They seem to be more aware than men to their weight. But most of the population (men and women) are now more conscious that losing weight is important for health. We can talk about normal customers including young and older ones. Those customers can be separated in two segments: Lose weight for health Lose weight only if it is easy 35% of normal customers want actively to lose weight and need help to do so. We can also say that younger women are more interested for losing weight to be pretty whereas older ones are interested because it is a way to be healthier. There is also the medical customer target. They can advise this drug to their patients. We’ve chosen normal customers and especially women as the optimal target for the reasons described previously. Question 2 – How should CSP identify and employ the differential advantages that Metabical offers to position itself in the market place? First, we can say that there wasn’t a lot of competition in the market at that time which represents an opportunity for CSP. Moreover, it is an easy way to lose weight, a key point that most of customers are looking for. More than that, there is a support program that CSP have developed to help and support people during their losing weight period. In addition, it is a cheaper drug than those which already exist on the market. Moreover, CSP want to make its product reimbursed as it is in order to improve people’s health so that people will not have to pay anymore for this drug. There is also the fact that there is a real social crisis in the US due to overweight and it is necessary to change things. People will be more aware to lose weight in order to avoid rejection from others. There is a real discrimination about overweight people. Question 3 – Given the positioning strategy you chose, what would be your communication strategy and IMC mix for each of your target audiences? Since Metabical is a new product, so they should let consumers know what they can do and what are their advantages. Maybe they can stress their safety and effectiveness in their advertisements. If the budget allows, they can give some sample sack to the people who tend to lose their weight, which I suppose can let them know the effect of Metabical clearly. As a company producing weight loss drug, they can put ads on health magazines, which can target people who are worrying about their obesity may influence their health. Promoting to the health care providers can also be a good choice for Metabical, because these people can recommend their products to the people coming to consult health situation. Furthermore, they may also creative a websites to promote their products. In this website, they can describe their products in detail and answer the questions from consumers. Because there are also a lot female using weight loss drug just for beauty. So maybe Metabical can establish a club to teach women how to make them become beautiful, like how to make up or how to wear properly. And In the process of teaching women, they can use their products as a support. In addition, since they should let consumers realize that losing weight is very difficult, but they can help them. So they can make ads on some sports magazines or programs that tell people if they try to lose weight only by sports or diet, it would be hard and time-consuming. In one word, Metabical should let their potential know that if people are unsatisfied with their weight, Metabical can help them. And they should also target those who care about their health or pursue beauty. Case study: TOMS: One for giving Model Question 1 – Discuss the growth of TOMS Shoes: its operating model uniqueness, product and brand awareness. Claire 1. Operating model uniqueness The operating model of TOMS is â€Å"One for One† operating model. That is for every pair of shoes sold a pair was given to a needy child through shoe drops in developing countries. TOMS formed shoe-giving partnerships with humanitarian organizations knowledgeable about the communities they operated in. Through these partnerships the communities that would benefit the most from the TOMS approach were identified. On seeing the many problems faced by the many communities TOMS worked with, TOMS decided to unleash the potential of the One for One model to address the other human needs that were still unmet. Later in 2011, TOMS launched its One for One line of eyewear. For each pair of glasses sold TOMS worked with qualified optometrist to provide better vision to people from underprivileged countries. TOMS wants to be more than just a shoe company, it’s a one-for-one company. 2. Product and brand awareness With the TOMS, customers can generate something for someone else while also advancing their own fashion. When customers purchase shoes, they can let TOMS finish out the final mile of their own good intentions. It is a model where the consumers can continue to reap satisfaction as the shoe gets worn. Hence the shoe drops or giveaways increased customer satisfaction and loyalty thus being the integral component of the company’s competitiveness. 3. Growth of TOMS Shoes The main reason behind the success of TOMS operating model was its focus on giving. The story behind the brand and its focus on giving made its customers as its marketer thus making it easy to retain good employees and attract good partners. Besides, the reason for the mushrooming growth of such startups was the social media which made it possible for social entrepreneurs such as TOMS to spread their message at a low-cost. Social media also enabled these entrepreneurs to enlist the help of their customers as their marketers. Question 2 – What would be the motives of customers for buying TOMS footwear? Analyse how TOMS model may create both positive and negative attitudes among customers.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"A motive is a construct representing an unobservable inner force that stimulates and compels behavioural response and provide specific direction to that response.† Customers buying Toms’ shoes are moved by a hedonist motivation, which is doing something good for society, rather than an utilitarian motivation which could be buying safe wearing shoes. If we take a look at Maslow’s hierarchy of needs: buying a simple tennis shoes could be identified as a safety need whereas buying Toms’ shoes is a self-actualization need as customers are fulfilling a desire to be useful and helpful. It is helping them achieve their aspiration for being a better person. â€Å"Attitudes are associations between a given object and a given summary evaluation of the object; associations that can vary in strength and, hence, in their accessibility from memory.† Potential positive attitude toward TOMS: customers thinking that TOMS helps people who need the most (evaluation of TOMS). Those will be willing to buy TOMS shoes. Those will feel empowered by â€Å"consum’action†. Potential negative attitude toward TOMS: customers thinking that TOMS business is jeopardizing local producers of shoes and that he cashs in on poverty (marketing of poverty arising questions of ethics). Those will engage in negative WOM. TOMS shoes are seen to be too fashionable, those consumers feel to be brainwashed. Question 3 – Is TOMS a truly welfare venture profit or a profit motivated initiative in sheep’s clothes. Discuss and justify There are some critical advices about TOM Company. Some people perceived TOMS  as a profit-motivated initiative. In fact, by giving shoes to poor children local people remain dependent from external resources. From their point of view, TOMS initiative give to poor countries a short term solution to lift of poverty. As far as we are concerned, we think that TOM is a social welfare venture because of all these good initiatives in poor countries: - ­Ã¢â‚¬  Shoes distributing trips organized by TOM - ­Ã¢â‚¬  Partnership with humanitarian organization knowledgeable - ­Ã¢â‚¬  Repeatedly shoe distribution in poor area to provide shoe permanently to children In 2010 the company has distributed 1 million pair of shoes in Argentina, Ethiopia, Rwanda, Guatemala, Haiti, South Africa and the US. Moreover, TOMS shoes are made in Argentina, this is a source of job creation for the country. It helps Argentina development.

A Comparative Study of the Development of Ragtime free essay sample

Blues, work songs, ragtime, spirituals, and minstrel songs were, in their own ways, all part of the great Fractionation of American music that was originated by enslaved Africans in the southern United States. But the greatest of the musical forms developed In this process was jazzone of the major American contributions to world culture. Each of these forms of music made essential contributions to the development of Jazz Itself but each, more or less, retained Its own Integrity and none could be said to have been transformed into jazz.What differentiated Jazz from these earlier styles was the widespread use of improvisation, often by more than one player at a time. Jazz represented a break from Western musical traditions, where the composer wrote a piece of music on paper and the musicians then tried their best to play exactly what was in the score. In a Jazz piece, the song is often Just a starting point or frame of reference for the musicians to Improvise around. The song might have been a popular ditty or blues that they didnt compose, but by the time they were finished with it they had composed a new piece that often bore little resemblance to the original song.Many of these virtuoso musicians were not good sight readers and some could not read music at all, nevertheless their playing thrilled audiences and the spontaneous music they created captured a joy and sense of adventure that was an exciting and radical departure from the music of that time. The first Jazz was played by African-American and Creole musicians In New Orleans. The cornet player, Buddy Bolder Is generally considered to be the first real Jazz musician. Other early players included Freddie Sheppard, Bunk Johnson and Clarence Williams.Although these musicians names are unknown to most people, then and owe, their ideas are still being elaborated to this day. Most of these men could not make a living with their music and were forced to work menial Jobs to get by. Throughout the growth of Jazz music, various forms were created and developed In different geographic regions. Two very notable styles of Jazz music are Ragtime and Dixieland. TLS paper will analyze and explore the development of both Ragtime and Dixieland throughout the late 19th century and early 20th century. Ragtime rhythms appeared in print as early as the first half of the nineteenth century, but the first published ragtime piece is generally acknowledged to be Mississippi Rag, composed by William Krill in 1897. Later that same year, Tom Turnip became the first black composer to publish a ragtime composition with his work Harlem Rag. Both are well crafted and suggest that the ragtime style had been In Incubation for some time prior to their appearance. By the turn of the century, the ragtime craze was in full swing, so much so that highbrow critics felt compelled to attack it. Ragtimes days are numbered, declared Metronome magazine. We are sorry to hint that anyone should imagine that ragtime was of the least musical importance. It was a popular wave in the wrong direction. That same year, the American Federation musicians know what is good, and if the people dont, we will have to teach them. 1 In the midst of this rapid dissemination of a new musical style, the term rag invariably became both overused and misapplied, often being employed to denote a wide range of African-American musical idioms.Many pieces from this period use the word rag in their title while bearing little resemblance to what has come to be now as classic rag style, Just as many so-called blues compositions strayed, sometimes considerably, from the standard twelve-bar form. Nevertheless as the style evolved, ragtime developed into a structured four-theme form, with each melody typically encompassing sixteen bars. The most common form for these classic rag pieces was BACKED, with a modulation to a different key typically employed for the C theme.Although the published ragtime compositions came to include vocal works and band arrangements, this style reached its highest pitch as a f orm of solo piano music. In many ways, the spread of this Jubilant new music went hand in hand with the growing popularity of pianos in turn-of-the-century American households. Between 1890 and 1909, total piano production in the United States grew from under 100,000 instruments per year to over 350,000and it is worth noting that 1909 marked the peak level not only in American piano production, but also in the number of ragtime pieces published.By 1911, a staggering 295 separate companies manufacturing pianos had set up operations in the United States, with another 69 businesses producing piano supplies. During this same period, player pianos increasingly made their way into homes and gathering places. In 1897, the same year that witnessed the publication of the first ragtime piece, the Angelus cabinet player piano, the first such instrument to use a pneumatic push-up device to depress the keys, was released to an enthusiastic marketplace. By 1919 player pianos constituted over half the output of the U. S. Piano industry. These two powerful trends, the spread of pianos into American households and the growing popularity of mechanical player pianos, helped spur the enormous public demand or ragtime music during the early years of the twentieth century. This unprecedented outpouring of ragtime artistry was centered, to a striking degree, in a fairly small geographical area. Just as the rural blues blossomed in the atmosphere of the Mississippi Delta, and as early Jazz would later flourish in the environs of New Orleans, so early ragtime reached its zenith in turn-of-the-century Missouri. The cities of Saddles, Cartage, and SST.Louis, among others, boasted a glittering array of rag composers, as well as an ambitious group of music publishers who recognized the extraordinary body of talent at hand. In Saddles, a booming railroad town that almost became the state capital, Scott Joplin gathered a cadre of promising rag composers around him, including his students Scott Hayden and Arthur Marshall. Saddles mu sic publisher John Stark, a major advocate for ragtime in general and Joplin in particular, proved to be an important catalyst in bringing the work of these local composers to the attention of the broader public. Stark, Joplin, and Hayden eventually moved to SST. Louis, another major center of rag activity during these glory years. The local composers here included Louis Chauvinism, an exceptionally talented dative of the city who left behind all too few compositions, as well as Tom Turnip and Artier Matthews. In Cartage, Missouri, James Scott created a number of outstanding where Scott worked. With the exception of Joseph Lamb, a white composer from Montclair, New Jersey, virtually all the leading exponents of the classic rag style made their home, at one point or another, in Missouri.Scott Joplin stands out as the greatest of these composers. While others may have written rags that were more technically demanding or boasted more striking novelty effects, none could approach he structural elegance, the melodic inventiveness, or the unflagging commitment to artistry that characterized Joplin major works. Nor would any other rag composer match Joplin ambitions for the musicambitions that led to the composition of two operas, a ballet, and other works that squarely challenged the lowbrow reputation of the rag idiom.Although his more daring works never gained the acceptance, at least during his lifetime, that Joplin craved, his reputation stands out today all the more due to the high standards to which he aspired. Joplin was born in Texans, Texas, n November 24, 1868. His father, the former slave Giles Joplin, had played the violin for house parties given by the local slave-owner in the days before the Emancipation Proclamation, while his mother, Florence Givens Joplin, sang and played the banjo.The banjo may have had a particular impact on Coots musical sensibilities: the syncopated rhythms of nineteenth-century African-American banjo music are clear predecessors of the later piano rag style. While Scott was still in his youth, his father left the family, and his mother was forced to rely on domestic work to support her six hillier. Joplin exhibited his affinity for the keyboard at an early age. He often accompanied his mother to the houses where she worked and would play and improvise on the piano while she went about her chores.By his teens, Joplin had established himself as a professional pianist, with opportunities to play at churches, clubs, and social gatherings in the border area of Texas and Arkansas. Later he became involved in teaching music as well as in singing with a vocal quintet that performed widely in the region. During this period, Joplin made his first attempts at composition. At some point in the mid-sass, Joplin moved to SST. Louis, where he earned his livelihood primarily as a pianist, both as a soloist in saloons and other nightspots as well as with a band.The ensemble work gave Joplin an opportunity to develop the skills in arranging that would later reach their pinnacle in orchestrations for his two operas. Joplin made his home in SST. Louis for almost a decade, but he traveled widely during these years. At some point in the mid-sass, Joplin settled down in Saddles, where he eventually began studying harmony and composition at the nearby George R. Smith College for Negroes. Around 1897, Joplin wrote the Maple Leaf Rag, a composition that would soon become the most famous ragtime piece of its day.It wasnt until two years later that John Stark published the work, and in the first year only four hundred copies were sold. But in the fall of 1900, the Maple Leaf Rag caught on with the general public, eventually becoming the first piece of sheet music to sell more than one million copies. This figure is all the more stunning when one realizes that there were fewer than 100,000 professional musicians and music teachers in the United States at the time. Amateur pianists, for their part, must have found it anything but easy to navigate the technical and rhythmic difficulties of Joplin celebrated rag.However, many purchased the sheet music and labored over its intricate syncopation. Joplin career produced a plethora Civil War period [1861-65], African-Americans in the south were freed from slavery. In New Orleans, many blacks began forming bands and played for many occasions, such as church and lodge events, parades, picnics, celebrations, and funerals. They played much the way they had sungusing the African natural vocal style with employ rhythmic structures. By the sass, small bands of 5 to 8 players were being formed and Dixieland Jazz was launched. Usually these bands consisted of three solo instruments and a rhythm section. The solo instruments included the cornet or trumpet, the clarinet, and the trombone. The cornet usually played the main melody of the piece, the clarinet wove an improvised second part above the cornet part (usually in a faster rhythm), and the trombone added slides for rhythmic drive. The syncopation and rhythmic independence of the melodic instruments created a ravenous sense of excitement. This use of three different parts is an example of polyphony, mentioned in the first section of this curriculum guide.The rhythm section clearly marked the beat and provided a background of chords to support the three solo instruments. This section usually consisted of a banjo or guitar, drums, a tuba, and sometimes a piano. String bass and the saxophone were later added during the sasss. The tunes of New Orleans Jazz were usually based on well known pieces such as marches, church melodies, ragtime pieces, popular songs, or specially the 12-bar blues. The Jazz bands rarely used written music; in fact, most of the musicians were self-taught and could not read music. A new player was told, Just listen awhile, then play what you feel. Like folk music, this type of Jazz was handed down through an aural / oral tradition, not by a written one. There was a set formula for playing Dixieland. One or more choruses of collective improvisation generally occurred at the beginning and the end of a piece, called Jamming. In between, individual players were featured in improvised solos, accompanied by the withy section or by the whole band. Sometimes there were brief unaccompanied solos, called breaks. The bands performance might begin with an introduction and end with a brief coda, or tag.Often these bands marched through the city of New Orleans, or rode in horse-drawn wagons with advertising strips on each side (the bands played to attract attention to the advertising). The band, particularly the three solo instruments, were called the front line. People attracted to the band would walk in front of, along side, or behind the band. They were called the second line. Usually the trombone player sat in the rear of the wagon on the open tailgate, facing backwards, so he would not bump into other players with the slide part of the instrument.The terms tailgate slide and tailgate trombone come from this way of sitting in the wagon. The term Dixieland became widely used after the advent of the first million-selling hit records of the Original Dixieland Sass Band in 1917. The music has been played continuously since the early part of the 20th century. Louis Armstrongs All-stars was the band most popularly identified with Dixieland, although Armstrongs own influence runs through all of Jazz. Many Dixieland groups consciously imitated the recordings and bands of decades earlier.Other musicians continued to create innovative performances and original new tunes. Some fans of post bebop Jazz consider Dixieland to no longer be a vital part of Jazz, while some adherents consider music in the traditional style, when well and creatively played, is jazz is the first indigenous American style to affect music in the rest of the World. From the beat of ragtime syncopation and driving brass bands to soaring gospel hours mixed with field hollers and the deep down growl of the blues, Jazzs many roots are celebrated almost everywhere in the United States.Throughout the years jazz has developed and changed in various ways but still holds true to its roots. From the inception of the idea of Jazz various forms of this style of music were derived. Two very significant of these fundamental forms are ragtime and Dixieland. During the late 19th Century and early 20th Century these two sectors of Jazz developed and are still well appreciated and utilized in the music society of today.